Deepen your knowledge of events unique to Japan|List of traditional events and annual festivals
Japan has a variety of traditional events that are not found in other countries. Because of the four seasons of spring, summer, fall, and winter, many events and customs are unique to each season. In recent years, it is not uncommon for events that originated overseas to evolve into a uniquely Japanese style and take root in Japanese culture.
Here, we will introduce such Japanese-only events by season. We will also tell you about traditional events held at milestones in life. Let's take a fresh look at events that are familiar to Japanese people's lives.
Main Categories of Japanese Festivals and Events
Japanese culture encompasses a wide variety of events, including those with long-standing histories, annual traditions, and ceremonies marking important milestones in one’s life. First, we will categorize these Japanese events into “traditional events,” “annual events,” and “life-cycle rites,” and explain the characteristics of each.
Traditional Events
Traditional events are rituals that have a long history in Japan and are still observed in communities today. Examples of traditional events held at specific times each year include New Year’s, Setsubun, and local festivals. There are also traditional events that recur every few years to several decades, such as the “Shikinen-sai” at Shinto shrines and Buddhist “anniversary memorial services.”
Annual Events
Annual events refer to traditional celebrations held at fixed times each year. They include not only ancient Japanese rituals but also a wide range of events that take place every year. For example, relatively new events of foreign origin, such as Valentine’s Day and Halloween, are also considered annual events.
Life Cycle Rites
Life-cycle rituals are ceremonies held to celebrate important milestones in life or stages of a child’s growth with close family and friends, while praying for their healthy development and well-being. Some of these events, such as Shichi-Go-San and the Coming-of-Age Ceremony, involve visiting shrines or temples, as well as holding family dinners or taking photos with relatives.
Traditional Spring Events and Annual Celebrations
Spring is a season of warm, pleasant days when many plants and animals in the natural world begin to awaken. Since April marks the start of the fiscal year, it’s also a time when people begin new chapters in their lives—whether entering school or starting a new job—in new environments. Here, we’ll introduce some traditional and seasonal events of spring.
Girls' Day
Hina Matsuri is a traditional Japanese festival to pray for the happiness and healthy growth of girls.It is held every year on March 3 and is also known as “Momo no Sekku” (Peach Festival). It is customary to celebrate Hinamatsuri by displaying hina dolls in the home. In addition to chirashi sushi and clam soup, people enjoy festive foods such as hina-arare and hishi-mochi.
White Day
White Day is an event that originated in Japan and is celebrated every year on March 14. It is a day when men who received chocolate on Valentine’s Day give gifts in return. While Valentine’s Day originated overseas, White Day is said to have emerged from the Japanese custom of giving a gift in return when one receives one.
Cherry Blossom Viewing
Hanami is an event that the Japanese have long enjoyed as a spring tradition. Every year, during the cherry blossom season from late March to early April, people visit places where the cherry blossoms are in bloom to admire them with friends and family. The tradition of viewing cherry blossoms during hanami dates back to the Heian period. At that time, it was a custom practiced by the aristocracy, but over time, it spread to the common people as well.
Entrance Ceremony / New Employee Orientation
Enrollment and orientation ceremonies are held overseas as well, but there are some differences compared to their Japanese counterparts. For example, while Japanese schools typically hold enrollment ceremonies in April, overseas ceremonies are generally held in September. Furthermore, unlike in Japan, where large numbers of new graduates join companies all at once, it is not uncommon for overseas companies to forego large-scale orientation ceremonies.
Children's Day
Children’s Day is a day dedicated to promoting the well-being of all children. Among United Nations member states, each country designates its own Children’s Day, and celebrations are held in accordance with that country’s culture. In Japan, May 5 is observed as Children’s Day every year and is designated as a national holiday.
Children's Day
Tango no Sekku is a traditional Japanese festival to pray for the happiness and healthy growth of boys.It is held every year on May 5 and is the origin of Japan’s “Children’s Day.” During the Boys’ Festival, people eat traditional festival foods such as chimaki and kashiwa-mochi, display May dolls and carp streamers in their homes, and take baths with iris leaves.
Mother's Day
Mother’s Day is a day to express gratitude to mothers. It originated in the United States, spread throughout the world, and has become an established annual tradition in Japan as well. While the date and gifts for Mother’s Day vary by country, Japan shares a common tradition with the United States in that red carnations are given on the second Sunday of May every year.
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Traditional Summer Events and Annual Celebrations
Summer is a season when nature comes alive under the strong sunlight. Regional summer festivals are held all across the country, and many people enjoy summer-themed activities at the beach or in the mountains—there are many ways to enjoy this season that are unique to it. Here, we’ll introduce some of these traditional summer events and annual celebrations.
Father's Day
Father’s Day is a day to express gratitude to fathers. It originated in the United States—shortly after Mother’s Day was established—and spread throughout the world. It is celebrated on the third Sunday of June each year, and in the United States, yellow roses are the traditional gift. In contrast, in Japan, people tend to choose gifts such as ties or alcohol.
Tanabata
The Tanabata Festival is a traditional Japanese annual event held every year on July 7. This Japanese custom originated from the Tanabata legend, which was introduced from China.The Tanabata legend tells the story of Orihime and Hikoboshi, who are allowed to meet only once a year by crossing the Milky Way. On Tanabata, people hang strips of paper inscribed with their wishes on bamboo branches and offer their prayers.
Summer Festival
The term “summer festival” refers to all festivals held during the summer and has become a seasonal tradition throughout the country. Many festivals are held in Japan during the summer, and it is believed that these are held to pray to the gods for protection against epidemics and typhoon damage. The highlights of summer festivals include lively performances such as festival music and portable shrines.
Fireworks Festival
Fireworks festivals are events that are often held every summer in Japan. It is said that the tradition of setting off fireworks in Japan began during the Edo period as a way to honor the souls of those who died from epidemics and famines and to pray for the eradication of plagues. Today, they have become popular events held throughout the country as a way to enjoy the cool evening air—a tradition unique to the hot summer months.
The Day of the Ox During the Dog Days of Summer
"Doyo no Ushi no Hi" is a custom of eating eel to build up strength during seasonal transitions. Generally, it refers to the day corresponding to the "Ox" (Ushi) in the Chinese zodiac calendar during the summer Doyo period (the approximately 18 days immediately preceding the start of summer).It is said to have been devised by Hiraga Gennai during the Edo period as a marketing ploy for eel restaurants, which saw sales decline during the summer.
Obon
Obon is a custom of honoring one’s ancestors. It originates from the Buddhist observance known as “Urabon-e.”Although the dates for Obon in Japan vary by region, it is often held around July 13–16 or August 13–16 each year. Memorial services are held through activities such as visiting graves, attending Buddhist services at temples, and performing Bon Odori dances.
Mid-Summer Gifts
O-chugen is a custom of giving gifts to express gratitude to those who have helped you. It originates from the Chinese Taoist festival known as “San-gen,” and gifts are typically given around July 15, which corresponds to the period known as “Chugen.” The exact date varies by region, and summer-themed gifts—such as fruits and somen noodles, which offer a refreshing sensation during the hot summer months—are often chosen.
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Traditional Autumn Events and Annual Celebrations
Fall is a season when the air is crisp and the leaves gradually begin to change color. The heat subsides, giving way to a string of cool, pleasant days. It’s also the harvest season, offering an abundance of delicious foods that are in season at this time of year. Here, we’ll introduce some of the traditional and annual events that take place in the fall.
Moon Viewing
Tsukimi is a festival in which people admire the most beautiful autumn moon of the year while praying for a bountiful harvest.It takes place on the night of the “Fifteenth Night,” which falls between mid-September and early October each year. The Fifteenth Night refers to the 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar. Although this custom originally came from China, in Japan it has become customary to offer tsukimi dango and decorate with pampas grass.
Chōyō Festival
The Chōyō Festival is an annual event held on September 9. It is a festival marked by the repetition of the number “9”—a number considered auspicious in China—and the custom of praying for health and longevity has taken root in Japan as well.In addition to admiring chrysanthemums, which are in full bloom at this time of year, people drink sake infused with chrysanthemums and take chrysanthemum baths to ward off evil spirits.
Autumn Equinox
Ohigan is a Buddhist observance believed to have originated in Japan. It takes place every spring and fall, with the three-day period before and after the national holidays “Spring Equinox Day” and “Autumn Equinox Day,” respectively, designated as the Ohigan period. During Ohigan, people honor their ancestors by visiting graves, making offerings, and cleaning family altars and Buddhist ritual items.
Autumn Leaf Viewing
"Momijigari" refers to going out to admire the beautiful colors of autumn foliage. It is said to have originated as a cultural practice among the aristocracy of the Heian period, and over time, it came to be enjoyed by the common people as well. During the momijigari season, more people head to the mountains, and famous autumn foliage spots across the country become bustling with visitors.
Halloween
Halloween is a festival that originated in Europe and is celebrated every year on October 31.In other countries, it is customary to display lanterns carved from pumpkins, and children dressed as ghosts or witches go door-to-door to collect candy. In modern-day Japan, however, events where people dress up in costumes and parade through the streets have gained popularity, giving rise to a unique Halloween culture.
Tori no Ichi
The Tori-no-Ichi is a festival held every November in the Kanto region on the day of the “Rooster” (Tori) in the Chinese zodiac.It is held at shrines dedicated to the Great Bird deity, and at the stalls, “kumade” rakes—which are considered lucky charms for business prosperity—are sold. Since it is believed to bring good luck to haggle and buy a kumade at a lower price, one of the highlights of the festival is the lively scene of many customers negotiating deals at the venue.
Niiname Festival
The Niiname-sai is a festival to give thanks for the harvest. It is one of the most important festivals in Japan, where rice cultivation has been practiced since ancient times, and is held every year on November 23.In the fall, when the rice ears ripen, people offer the year’s harvest to the gods to express their gratitude for the harvest and pray for a bountiful harvest the following year.
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Traditional Winter Events and Annual Celebrations
Winter brings a prolonged spell of bitter cold. In some regions, snow falls and accumulates, creating a world of pure white. In January, people celebrate the New Year. The year-end and New Year’s period is a busy yet lively time. Here, we’ll introduce some of the traditional and seasonal events of winter.
Winter Solstice
The winter solstice is the day with the shortest daylight and the longest night of the year.It occurs around December 22 every year. In Japan, there is a custom of eating nutrient-rich pumpkin on the winter solstice and taking a yuzu bath to warm the body, as a way to prevent colds. Additionally, since spring follows the winter solstice, the day is also seen as a time when things begin to take a turn for the better.
Christmas
Christmas is a Christian holiday celebrated on December 25 to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ.In many countries, it is common to attend church services and spend the day quietly with family. In Japan, however, Christmas has established itself as a unique celebration, and people typically spend the day in a lively atmosphere—going out to dinner with their partners or giving presents to their children.
Year-End Gifts
Oseibo is a custom of giving gifts at the end of the year to express gratitude to those who have helped you throughout the year. Although practices vary by region, gifts are typically given between early December and New Year’s Eve. Compared to Ochuugen, which is given in the middle of the year, Oseibo—which conveys gratitude for the past year—tends to feature more expensive gifts.
Soot Cleaning
"Susu-harai" is a custom of cleaning the house around December 13, before the start of the New Year. Originally, it was meant to remove the dirt accumulated over the past year in preparation for welcoming the New Year deity. In recent years, more and more households have been conducting a "year-end cleaning" at the end of the year as an opportunity to clean their homes and welcome the New Year with a fresh start.
New Year's Eve
New Year’s Eve refers to December 31, the last day of the year. People around the world celebrate New Year’s Eve in various ways. In Japan, there are customs such as eating “toshikoshi soba” (New Year’s Eve buckwheat noodles) for good luck and ringing the temple bell 108 times on New Year’s Eve to ward off worldly desires.
New Year's
The New Year refers to the period from January 1 to January 7, when the new year begins. While New Year’s celebrations are held all over the world, Japan has its own unique customs. For example, decorating homes with kadomatsu and kagami-mochi to welcome the gods, eating osechi dishes to pray for good health, and giving children otoshidama are just a few examples.
Setsubun
Setsubun is an annual event held on February 3. It takes place on the day before February 4—the start of spring (Risshun)—and is meant to ward off evil spirits and pray for good health and a long life.On Setsubun, people participate in “mame-maki,” a tradition of scattering beans while chanting, “Oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi” (“Demons out, good fortune in!”). In recent years, the custom of eating ehomaki while facing a lucky direction has also become established.
Valentine's Day
Valentine's Day originated overseas and is celebrated worldwide as a day for lovers to pledge their love to one another. In Japan, a unique tradition has taken root in which women give chocolate to confess their love. The fact that chocolate has become a standard gift in this way is a characteristic unique to Japan.
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Traditional ceremonies held at major milestones in life
There are many important life events. At such major milestones, celebrations are often held in traditional ways rooted in Japanese culture. Finally, we’ll introduce some traditional ceremonies held to mark these milestones in life.
First Shrine Visit
The “Omiya-mairi” is a ceremony in which families visit a shrine or temple when the baby is about one month old. Families often participate in a prayer service to pray for the baby’s healthy growth. It is also common for family members and relatives to gather for a meal and take commemorative photos.
Shichi-Go-San
Shichi-Go-San is an annual event held around November 15, during which families visit shrines or temples to pray for their children’s healthy growth. It is called “Shichi-Go-San” because it is celebrated on the milestones when children turn 3, 5, and 7 years old. In addition to attending a prayer service as a family, it is customary to celebrate with a meal and take commemorative photos.
Coming-of-Age Ceremony
The Coming-of-Age Ceremony is an event held on “Coming-of-Age Day,” a national holiday that falls on the second Monday of January. Ceremonies are held by local governments across the country to celebrate young people who have turned 20 and joined the ranks of adulthood.New adults celebrate by attending the ceremonies dressed in furisode kimonos and hakama, and by taking commemorative photos in their formal attire.
Engagement Ceremony
A “yuinou” is an engagement ceremony in which the families of the engaged couple exchange money and gifts. The groom’s family presents a monetary gift and other items, while the bride’s family presents a receipt, symbolizing the formation of a bond between the two families.In recent years, it is not uncommon for the ceremony to be held in a simplified format, or for the engagement ceremony to be omitted in favor of a dinner gathering where the families meet.
Long Life Celebration
A longevity celebration is an event held to celebrate a family member who has reached a certain age. One of the most well-known milestones is “Kanreki,” which celebrates turning 61 (60 years old).The color of the ceremonial garment is determined by each milestone, and there is a custom where those celebrating their Kanreki wear a red “chanchanko” to mark the occasion.
Warding Off Misfortune
"Eyakuyoke" refers to the practice of offering prayers for protection at shrines or temples during an "unlucky year"—an age believed to be prone to misfortune and calamities.An “unlucky year” consists of the central “main unlucky year” (hon-yaku), as well as the “pre-unlucky year” (mae-yaku) and “post-unlucky year” (ato-yaku) that precede and follow it; it is considered best to exercise caution throughout this three-year period. The ages designated as “unlucky years” differ between men and women.
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- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fan No.2 Ukiyoe Fugaku Sanjurokkei Hokusai Kanagawa-oki Namiura
- Regular
- ¥11,000
- Sale
- ¥11,000
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
folding fanputting a name (self, company, etc.) on something (e.g. engraving, printing, etc.)
- Regular
- ¥4,400
- Sale
- ¥4,400
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fanSet of six gourds (mb) No.11
- Regular
- ¥15,730
- Sale
- ¥15,730
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fanSet Dragonfly Blue No.24
- Regular
- ¥15,730
- Sale
- ¥15,730
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fan No.16 Wave Blue
- Regular
- ¥11,000
- Sale
- ¥11,000
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fanSet Ma 9 go (Umakuiku) No.15
- Regular
- ¥15,730
- Sale
- ¥15,730
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fanSet of six gourds (mb) No.11
- Regular
- ¥15,730
- Sale
- ¥15,730
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fanSet Dragonfly Blue No.24
- Regular
- ¥15,730
- Sale
- ¥15,730
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
Edo fanSet Ma 9 go (Umakuiku) No.15
- Regular
- ¥11,330
- Sale
- ¥11,330
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fan No.30Asano-ha deisignBall, light red
- Regular
- ¥13,750
- Sale
- ¥13,750
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fan No.24 Double-sided dragonfly, blue
- Regular
- ¥13,750
- Sale
- ¥13,750
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fan No.20 Axe Kotokiku
- Regular
- ¥11,000
- Sale
- ¥11,000
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
[Personalisation only]Edo fan No.21 Kamawanu navy blue
- Regular
- ¥11,000
- Sale
- ¥11,000
- Regular
-
- Unit Price
- Therefore
Let's enjoy the unique Japanese traditions celebrated during the seasons and at important milestones in life.
In this article, we’ve explained events unique to Japan.Among the annual events, there are not only rituals that have been traditionally observed in Japan, but also events that originated abroad, were introduced to Japan, and have evolved in their own unique way. Today, all of these events are widely enjoyed by many people as seasonal traditions. Why not take some time to enjoy these events during the changing seasons and at important milestones in life, while reflecting on their origins and meanings?